Bayer Process—Water and Energy Balance Springer
icantly changed the net balance through adjusting the areas for water catchment versus evaporation Within energy, a significant focus is placed on the importance of Abstract Impurities introduced into or generated by the Bayer alumina production process can have a detrimental effect on the efficiencies or productivity of Bayer Process Impurities and Their Management SpringerLink
Bayer Process an overview ScienceDirect Topics
Bayer Process In the Bayer process, prepared bauxitic ore is digested under pressure in a hot aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and then ‘seeded’ to induce precipitation of This explains the presence of many types of evaporation technologies in alumina refineries such as multiflash trains, falling film multiple effects, forced circulation multiple effects AA08 Mechanical Vapour Recompression applied to Alumina
Bayer process
The Bayer process is the principal industrial means of refining bauxite to produce alumina (aluminium oxide) and was developed by Carl Josef Bayer Bauxite, the most important ore of aluminium,contains only 30–60% In order to obtain 1 kg of moist air at 310 K and 50% RH, we start with 0037 kg (ie 0038/1038) water and 0963 kg of dry air, both at 273 K The water is Mass and Energy Balances SpringerLink
A cost effective, energy saving boosted evaporation
abstract = "Evaporation process is a significant section in the alumina production by the Bayer Process It consumes a large amount of thermal energy and helps to manage Specifically, coffee (treated as water and in a quasisteady state) is at an average temperature T coffee in a cylindrical container of inner diameter D, with a free surface a distance L below the top rim Ambient air is at a temperature T ∞ with a relative humidity r hThe goal is to estimate the rate of energy transport by the evaporation Evaporation and Mass Transfer Fundamentals SpringerLink
Evaporation
Evaporation is a type of vaporization that occurs on the surface of a liquid as it changes into the gas phase where P 1, P 2 are the vapor pressures at temperatures T 1, T 2 respectively, ΔH vap is the enthalpy of Solution The heat in the process is equal to the change of enthalpy, which involves vaporization in this case qtot = Δvap (2) (2) q t o t = Δ v a p so qtot = 50 J = Δvap (3) (3) q t o t = 50 J = Δ v a p So the enthalpy of Heat of Vaporization Chemistry LibreTexts
Dynamic simulation of multipleeffect evaporation ScienceDirect
1 Introduction The multipleeffect evaporation system, MEE, was first adopted in the sugar mill industry in Florida in 1830 Invented by Norbert Rillieux [1], it has since become widely used in many industries, such as pulp and paper [2], salt production [3], and water desalination [4]An evaporator is essentially a heat exchanger in which The addition of nanoparticles to base fuel may bring about remarkable changes in a thermodynamic process such as evaporation, due to the intensified interaction between particles and liquid molecules In this study, the nanofuels containing the 20 nm and 50 nm cerium oxide (CeO2) particles with the dosing levels of 50 mgL−1 Determination of the Vapor Pressure and Evaporation Enthalpy of
Enthalpy an overview ScienceDirect Topics
The derived heat capacity is 3601 ± 017 J/(mol K), and the enthalpy of transition is at 1917 J/molThe enthalpy value is notably different to the value of 1749 ± 13 J/mol at 1033 K obtained by Berg et al, but their value is transition temperature dependent and at 106815 K their value would have been 1918 J/mol in almost exact agreement with the selected The loss of performance during operation due to fouling makes the process more complex In this study, modeling, simulation, validation, and analysis were performed for a sugarcane juice industrial evaporation system (IES) composed of a falling film evaporator followed by three short verticaltube evaporators arranged in parallelSimulation and analysis of a sugarcane juice evaporation system
Energies Free FullText The D2Law of Droplet Evaporation
The review presents the D2law of droplet evaporation, which is used to describe the spraying process involving the evaporation of droplets This law, the subject of numerous publications, can be successfully applied to describe the droplet evaporation process under various conditions, including the calculations of the process of feeding A mathematical model for a chloralkali electrolysis cell with oxygendepolarized cathode (ODC) was developed With this model, distributions of temperature, concentration, current density, and overpotential as a function of height can be calculated At an industrially relevant current density of $$4\\,{\\mathrm{kAm}}^{2}$$ 4 kAm 2,Nonisothermal model for an industrial chloralkali cell with
Bayer Process an overview ScienceDirect Topics
Aluminum Production Alton T Tabereaux, Ray D Peterson, in Treatise on Process Metallurgy: Industrial Processes, 2014 2511 Impact of Different Bauxites on the Bayer Process The Bayer process is basically used for the extraction of aluminum hydrate from the bauxite ores with the mass ratio of alumina to silica (A/S) above 9 The sinter Bayer Process Benefits Solvay MAX HT® provides improved process adaptability by allowing operators to find the optimal economic balance between caustic liquor and energy A higher heat transfer coefficient promotes greater levels of evaporation giving plant operators improved flexibility to run higher mud wash flows to reduce soda loss or limit enthalpy balance in evaporation of bayer
enthalpy balance in evaporation of bayer
Evaporation Spent Make up caustic liquor Flow chart of Bayer process Energy Consumption in Alumina Refining Main items of heat balance, MJ/ton Type of calciner kiln Fluid flash Rotary kiln Retrofit Water Evaporation 560 For any batch evaporation the amount of salt produced can be determined by m s = m w ( 152 × 10 − 4 S 2 + 950 × 10 − 3 S) where ms is the mass (kg) of salt crystallized, mw is the mass (kg) of the water evaporated, and S is the initial salt concentration of the brine in wt% NaCl (Fig 1) For ease of calculation, the dissolved salt Methods for calculating brine evaporation rates during
Thermodynamic efficiency of membrane‐assisted distillation
The minimum work W ̇ min is calculated assuming a reversible, isothermal and isobaric process, which does not depend on the specific separation unit but solely on the composition, temperature and pressure of the mixture to be separated as well as the respective product streams 35 For such a process, the minimum work can be An enthalpy balance over the evaporator involves two further streams, the inlet steam S and the condensate C The combined enthalpy of the feed and the steam must balance that of the vapour, liquor and condensate Thus, if hF is the specific enthalpy of the feed, hS that of the steam and so on, FhF +ShS = VhV +LhL +ShC (124) where each termChapter 12 Evaporation and Drying
Study on Estimation Method of Enthalpy of Evaporation Based
A new Group Contribution Method based on elements and chemical bonds was proposed to predict the enthalpy of evaporation of organic compounds at their normal boiling points A prediction model was built using 1266 experimental data points, and the accuracy of the model estimations was evaluated using 16 experimental data points The Evaporation Spent Make up caustic liquor Flow chart of Bayer process Energy Consumption in Alumina Refining Main items of heat balance, MJ/ton Type of calciner kiln Fluid flash Rotary kiln Retrofit Water Evaporation 560 enthalpy balance in evaporation of bayer
Evaporation and Drying SpringerLink
This requires a material balance, an enthalpy balance and a heat transfer rate equation to be solved simultaneously 1231 Material and Energy Balances In the traditional batch process the evaporation may be entirely carried out in steamjacketed vacuum pansThe transfer of latent heat from the molecule in the liquid phase to the vapor is isothermal but will tend to cool the liquid body The molecule that has passed into the vapor phase has definite kinetic energy and will diffuse into its surroundings, thus initiating vapor phase mass transport Evaporation of a liquid body into a gas phase (airIntroduction to Evaporative Heat Transfer SpringerLink
GEA P03e Evaporation Technology 1 PDF Heat Exchanger
If we consider the heat balance of a singleeffect evaporator we Under steadystate conditions there must be a balance between find that the heat content (enthalpy) of the evaporated vapour the energy entering and leaving the system is approximately equal to the heat input on the heating side In the common case of water evaporation, about